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Alcohol

Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. This means that it is a drug that slows down brain activity. It can change mood, behavior, and self-control. It can cause problems with memory and thinking clearly. Alcohol can also affect coordination and physical control.

In addition to the effects on the brain, drinking too much – on a single occasion or over time – can take a serious toll on a person's overall health. 

Alcohol’s Effects on Your Health

Cardiovascular problems that may arise include:

  • Cardiomyopathy – Stretching and drooping of heart muscle
  • Arrhythmias – Irregular heart beat
  • Stroke
  • High blood pressure  

Heavy drinking takes a toll on the liver, and can lead to a variety of problems and liver inflammations including:

  • Steatosis, or fatty liver
  • Alcoholic hepatitis
  • Fibrosis
  • Cirrhosis

Alcohol causes the pancreas to produce toxic substances that can eventually lead to pancreatitis, a dangerous inflammation in the pancreas that causes its swelling and pain (which may spread) and impairs its ability to make enzymes and hormones for proper digestion.

According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), clear patterns have emerged between alcohol consumption and increased risks of certain types of cancer:

  • Head and neck cancer, including oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx cancers.
  • Esophageal cancer, particularly esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, people who inherit a deficiency in an enzyme that metabolizes alcohol have been found to have substantially increased risks of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma if they consume alcohol.
  • Liver cancer.
  • Breast cancer: Research has shown an important association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer—even one drink per day can increase a woman's risk for breast cancer by 5% to 15% compared to women who do not drink at all.
  • Colorectal cancer.

Sources: MedlinePlus. 2024, January. Alcohol. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html on 2024, 12 July.
NIAAA. Understanding Alcohol's Effects on the Body. Retrieved from https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohols-effects-bodyon 2024, July 12.

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  • Alcohol and Your Brain: A Virtual Reality Experience

    From NIAAA. An interactive activity for youth ages 13 and older to learn about alcohol’s effects on five areas of the brain.
    Learn More

  • Sober Living

    A FREE personal recovery record that can help track and share your journey of recovery. Designed for iPad.
    App Store

  • Try Dry

    The app for the Dry January challenge and beyond.
    Learn More

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